Is it possible for mobile phones to directly exchange 4G/5G signals with each other, eliminating the need for conventional antennas and networks? 4G signals can cover distances between 2 to 4 miles (3 to 6.5 kilometers). Smartphones are probably the most spreaded pieces of hardware available to serve as p2p network nodes. Such a system would offer robustness and decentralization, especially in urban environments with high population density.
Not really - the cellular protocols are designed around there being a base station to coordinate radio resource access and time slots and similar. Everything in a mobile network assumes there's a base station and core network to handle traffic routing and authentication.
If you put that aside, you have a multi band transmitter and receiver in a phone. Assuming you could somehow make it do arbitrary things (which is a big stretch), you'd have a bunch of challenges to overcome.
Firstly, nothing in cellular protocols is really designed to handle uncoordinated random access and users transmitting freely - you'd get collisions and interference when devices transmit over each other. You'd have different devices trying to do different things with each other, so you would need to implement something more akin to WiFi.
Running something more like WiFi on other spectrum would be an option, although you don't (legally) have access to spectrum below 2.4 GHz in most countries that you could use in this way. You'd also struggle to do this anywhere there's a "real" mobile operator using the spectrum, as their base station downlink is significantly more powerful than your handset transmitter.
Finally, one of the reasons mobile networks work over the distances they do (and you cite) is that they are able to use rooftop/hilltop and well-located radio sites with near line of sight over their service area. They also have large antennas focused on a given sector angle, with significant receiver gain - this helps them to receive signals from you when you're further away. This is what helps your phone with its (say) 250 mW maximum transmit power work over kilometres. You wouldn't get any of that in a mesh.
If you tried to build a mesh like this, even putting aside all the software challenges and we assumed it was possible, you'd like find the performance/range not much better than WiFi.
You'd effectively need to run WiFi protocols to handle multi user access on the airwaves, and despite having access to better propagating spectrum, you'll not get the benefits of range due to the small on-device antennas. Meshing WiFi together with some kind of gossip based forwarding protocol at application layer would likely be more effective.
Assuming it's technically possible, that would require on all phones a complete rewrite of the firmware that manages the radio subsystem, which often runs its proprietary OS completely separated from the one running on the phone. To add to the difficulty, the radio subsystem is 100% closed, locked and undocumented hardware/firmware, or possibly documented only after signing a pile of NDAs, which for normal people is the same thing, and manufacturers, carriers and governments would fight hard against any change of this.
Moreover, 4G links can cover long distance because towers use more powerful trasmitters, more sensitive receivers and -very important- really good high gain antennas placed in favorable high position that reduces the number of obstacles between them and nearby phones. If the above was possible, phones could never reach more than a fraction of that distance in a direct link.
Essentially not doable. Just use the existing infrastructure behind a layer of encryption, possibly on hardware you can trust like a PinePhone or any similar platform.
100% agree. This is the same way a baseband exploit would be deployed. Would be really neat to see a proof of concept of this. And wonder what sort of filtering the telcos would introduce.
MC-LTE and ProSe have direct handset-to-handset mode, but currently there is something like two models on the market with functional support for that.
That's it.
And those are meant for the public safety market.
As a direct, infrastructureless mode is required to reach feature parity with existing TETRA based networks.
technically it's totally possible, it's even in the 3GPP specs. But commercial mobile SoC will prevent you doing this. Only selected commands can be issued from the apps.
On the other hand, LTE and 5G can use unlicensed spectrum (e.g. the 5 GHz spectrum also used by Wi-Fi/802.11), and newer iPhones support at least one such band [1].
Does it solve the DDoS problem? I haven't checked the state-of-the-art in mesh networks for a while, but when I was actively interested in this area, it was either:
1. Centralized device management, so that each device has a unique "permit" from some kind of a central authority.
2. Be susceptible to DDoS where rogue devices can easily saturate the network.
Do you mean it's unsuitable because of the frequency?
Bluetooth LE has a "long range" mode that seemed to have been available on some iOS/iPhone versions (by accident?) for a while [1], and the range on that seems to be vastly better (i.e. on the order of hundreds of meters) than most 802.15.4 implementations I'm familiar with, and they both use the same frequency band.
Definitely not – unfortunately Apple is extremely picky on what they let apps do on the lower layers.
True (cross-platform) P2P communications would be great, especially since the newest iphones have both long-range Bluetooth LE and 802.15.4 support, but the ball is in Apple’s court.
Most existing solutions I've seen use either Bluetooth LE (the only somewhat low-level API that can be used for cross-platform P2P things that Apple allows access to) or Apple-proprietary APIs like this one: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/multipeerconnectiv...
For ~$20 you can get a LoRa dongle and https://meshtastic.org/, and with some luck (someone putting a node on a hgh building or a hill), you can reach quite impressive distances.
This appears to intended to enable activists to organize protests with just their phones when the centralized telecommunication infrastructure is disrupted by the government. It is a different use case.
