In Sweden it is common for companies to check on income and payment records before accepting purchase orders. Income data is provided by the tax authorities while payment records are available through the enforcement agency (state bailiff, "Kronofogden"). If your income is deemed to be too low or you have a derelict payment on record (these records are in place for 3 years after the payment has been completed) you will be denied credit in which case you'll have to pay up-front.
But this is more like based on government data rather than, I know this is very American, private data shared by companies (and usually handled badly, whether in cybersecurity or identity correlation terms).
Also, a credit checking association boasted that their members' data is 95% accurate - so that means that around 15 million Americans do have devastating errors on their credit score (through no fault of their own).
