DNA is made of nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acids), not amino acids. DNA is translated to amino acids, except when it encodes long-noncoding RNAs, or miRNAs, or piRNAs, or untranslated regions, or intergenic regions, or transposons, or psuedogenes.
And the protein coding sequences are coded into proteins, except when there are alternative splicing sites, or anti-sense RNAs.
And then the protein sequence folds into their minimum free energy state, except when they are assisted by other proteins, or when they exist as disordered proteins.
And it's not always DNA -> protein. Sometimes proteins make other proteins, for example circular proteins can only be made from other proteins.
Then there are post-translational modifications, which change the RNA sequence between DNA to RNA and RNA to protein.
And then there's RNA interference, where miRNAs interfere with RNA to protein translation.
And then there's epigenetics such as DNA methlyation or histone modifications (histones are protein which compress DNA) which change what genes can be expressed when.
Really, for every rule that you've been taught, there is an exception. Biology is so much more complicated than we understand. And understanding how to make a biological computer (different from the biological computing of Adelman, yes the same Adelman as RSA) would involve understanding how all the pieces fit together.
And the protein coding sequences are coded into proteins, except when there are alternative splicing sites, or anti-sense RNAs.
And then the protein sequence folds into their minimum free energy state, except when they are assisted by other proteins, or when they exist as disordered proteins.
And it's not always DNA -> protein. Sometimes proteins make other proteins, for example circular proteins can only be made from other proteins.
Then there are post-translational modifications, which change the RNA sequence between DNA to RNA and RNA to protein. And then there's RNA interference, where miRNAs interfere with RNA to protein translation.
And then there's epigenetics such as DNA methlyation or histone modifications (histones are protein which compress DNA) which change what genes can be expressed when.
Really, for every rule that you've been taught, there is an exception. Biology is so much more complicated than we understand. And understanding how to make a biological computer (different from the biological computing of Adelman, yes the same Adelman as RSA) would involve understanding how all the pieces fit together.