Considering you mention not having programmed extensively in a functional language, I'd say you should pick a language with extensive documentation for beginners. I know you dismissed it, but many people have put a lot of time and thought into designing materials for learning Haskell. In particular, I think most people recommend the Haskell book[1].
That being said, all the choices you list (Elm, Haskell, F#, OCaml, PureScript) are solid languages with good communities. The core languages are similar enough that if you start learning one, the things you learn will transfer decently enough to all the others.
It is definitely much more than an introduction. There's a lot of examples and exercises, and it goes into a lot of detail on some topics. The chapter about parser combinators is 70 pages by itself. It's only an "introduction" in the sense that it starts off assuming no Haskell experience.
In a sense, it feels like the textbook for a course combined with transcripts of the lectures... although it flows better than that, of course.
That being said, all the choices you list (Elm, Haskell, F#, OCaml, PureScript) are solid languages with good communities. The core languages are similar enough that if you start learning one, the things you learn will transfer decently enough to all the others.
[1]: Haskell Programming from First Principles (http://haskellbook.com/)